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No.  1749 


INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  MOUNTING, 
USING,  AND  CARING  FOR 


4.72 -INCH  GUN,  ARMSTRONG 

40  CALIBER 


MOUNTED  ON 


BARBETTE  CARRIAGE,  ARMSTRONG 


(FIVE  PLATES) 


OCTOBER  28,  1904 
REVISED  JANUARY  30,  1908 
REVISED  JANUARY  6,  1911 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1917 


,,  ® 


|jj5| 

ill:!  ip 


UW*fc 


No.  1749 


INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  MOUNTING, 
USING,  AND  CARING  FOR 

4.72 -INCH  GUN,  ARMSTRONG 

40  CALIBER 

MOUNTED  ON 

BARBETTE  CARRIAGE,  ARMSTRONG 


{FIVE  PLATES) 


OCTOBER  28,  1904 
REVISED  JANUARY  30,  1908 
REVISED  JANUARY  6,  1911 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1917 


1  Wv->  \<\  17 


» 


\Kn\  ^ 


<x 


♦ 


War  Department, 

Office  of  the  Chief  of  Ordnance, 

Washington,  June  13,  1912. 

This  Manual  is  published  for  the  information  and  government  of  the  Regular 
Army  and  Organized  Militia  of  the  United  States. 


By  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War: 


William  Crozier, 

Brigadier  General,  Chief  of  Ordnance. 


6 


i 


. 


INSTRUCTIONS 


FOR 

1.72-INCH  GUN,  ARMSTRONG, 

MOUNTED  ON 

BARBETTE  CARRIAGE,  ARMSTRONG. 

\  * 


(Five  Plates.) 


(The  points  in  italics  are  of  importance,  or  concern  the  safety  of  the  gun  or 

carriage,  and  should  be  specially  noted.) 


DESCRIPTION  OF  GUN. 


(Plate  I.) 


Caliber 


inches _  4.  724 


W  eight,  normal _ _ _ pounds _ 

Length :  Ft. 

Before  (40  calibers) _ 15 

Hiding _ 14 

Chamber _ : _  1 

Total _  16 

Over  all _ _ ■ _ _ _ 16 


Rifling,  spiral,  increasing  from  1  turn  in  100  calibers  at  breech  to  1  turn 
in  34.352  calibers  at  6.65  inches  from  the  muzzle ;  the  re¬ 
mainder  1  turn  in  34.352  calibers,  right-hand  twist. 

Number  of  grooves _ 


4,  648 
Ins. 
9.0 
3.,0 
3.  5 
2. 1 
6. 1 


99 


The  gun  is  constructed  entirely  of  steel,  and  is  designed  for  obtain¬ 
ing  great  rapidity  of  fire.  For  this  purpose  it  is  mounted  in  a  special 
mounting  and  is  not  provided  with  trunnions,  but  is  carried  by  a 
cradle,  which  encircles  the  gun,  and  in  which  it  slides  when  recoiling. 
This  cradle  is  provided  with  trunnions,  on  which  the  gun  and  cradle 
are  balanced.  The  breech  of  the  gun  is  surrounded  by  a  breech  ring, 
which  has  a  projecting  arm  on  it  for  connecting  the  gun  with  the 
recoil  cylinder,  which  forms  part  of  the  cradle.  The  mechanism  for 
dosing  the  breech  is  on  the  interrupted  screw  system,  so  arranged 
that  it  can  be  quickly  opened  or  closed  by  a  single  movement.  The 
gun  is  provided  with  electrical  firing  gear,  connected  with  an  elec¬ 
trical  pistol  fixed  to  the  mounting  in  a  convenient  place,  so  that  the 
man  laying  the  gun  can  fire  while  looking  over  the  sights.  It  is  also 

(5) 


6 


provided  with  a  percussion  arrangement,  for  mechanical  firing  in 
case  of  failure  of  the  electrical  gear.  The  gun  sights  are  fixed  to 
the  gun  cradle,  and  do  not  therefore  recoil  with  the  gun.  The  powder 
is  contained  in  a  metallic  cartridge  case,  the  base  of  the  projectile 
resting  against  the  front  end  of  this  case. 

BREECH  MECHANISM. 

(Plate  I.) 

The  breech  of  the  gun  is  closed  by  a  breechblock  formed  in  two 
steps,  the  front  step  being  tapered  and  of  less  dameter  than  the 
rear;  both  steps  have  three  portions  of  their  thread  removed,  each 
one-sixth  of  a  turn;  the  threads  on  one  step  standing  opposite  to 
the  blank  spaces  on  the  other;  this  arrangement  distributes  the 
strain  all  round  the  circumference  of  the  breechblock.  The  interior 
of  the  gun  at  the  breech  is  prepared  in  a  similar  manner,  and  admits 
of  the  breechblock  being  swung  into  place  and  locked  by  a  simple 
mechanism  to  be  described. 

The  breechblock  is  supported  by  a  block  carrier,  P,  on  which  it  is 
free  to  revolve  through  an  angle  of  60  degrees;  the  carrier  is  hinged 
to  the  right  side  of  the  breech  ring,  so  that  the  block  can  swing  clear 
of  the  breech  opening  for  loading.  The  block  is  secured  on  the 
carrier  by  means  of  the  stop  bolt  D.  The  breechblock  is  unscrewed 
and  withdrawn  from  the  gun  by  a  single  horizontal  movement  of  the 
operating  lever  P,  which  is  pivoted  on  the  right  side.  A  projecting 
pin,  P1,  is  screwed  into  the  rear  face  of  the  breechblock  and  enters 
a  traversing  bushing,  P 2  in  the  sliding  block  N.  This  block  slides  in 
a  seat  in  the  carrier,  and  is  connected  to  the  operating  lever  L  by  the 
link  A1.  When  the  breech  is  open,  the  block  is  prevented  from 
turning  on  the  carrier  by  a  spring  catch,  d/,  on  the  carrier,  which 
engages  a  notch,  dP,  in  the  block,  as  it  is  withdrawn  from  the  gun; 
when  closing  the  breech,  the  catch  comes  in  contact  with  the  face  of 
the  gun,  thus  releasing  the  block  and  leaving  it  free  to  be  screwed 
home. 

It  is  impossible  to  fire  the  gun  until  the  breech  is  completely 
locked;  this  is  insured  by  means  of  a  safety  gear,  consisting  of  a 
safety  lever,  P,  pivoted  to  the  block  carrier  P.  The  safety  lever 
engages  a  lug,  P,  on  the  rear  end  of  the  firing  pin,  and  is  actuated 
by  a  plunger,  S.  The  safety  lever  prevents  the  firing  pin  from 
touching  the  primer  while  the  operating  lever  L  is  in  the  unlocked 
position. 

The  firing  pin  is  secured  in  the  carrier  by  the  retaining  nut  A,  and 
can  be  readily  removed  by  slightly  withdrawing  it  and  turning  the 
nut  a  quarter  of  a  turn. 

To  assemble  the  firing  pin  it  is  pushed  into  its  place  and  the 
retaining  nut  turned  to  the  right  or  left. 


7 


The  upper  end  of  the  spindle  F2  is  held  in  place  by  a  screw  counter¬ 
sunk  in  a  housing,  II.  The  spindle  with  its  torsional  spring  and 
spline  key  locks  the  operating  handle  when  closed,  and  should  the 
spline  key  be  broken  it  will  interfere  only  with  this  function  but  in 
no  way  affect  the  safety  features  of  the  mechanism.* 

The  safety  lever  F  which  engages  behind  the  retracting  toe  /?, 
mounted  on  the  rear  end  of  the  firing  pin,  is  fulcrumed  at  its  outer 
end  to  the  block  carrier  P  at  a  point,  F1.  The  safety  lever  controls 
the  motion  of  the  firing  pin  during  the  opening  and  closing  of  the 
block,  and  is  operated  by  the  intermediate  safety-lever  plunger  A, 
which  passes  through  a  hole  in  the  block  carrier  and  rests  against  the 
rear  face  of  the  breechblock.  In  opening  the  block  the  safety  plunger 
is  forced  outward  and  to  the  rear  bv  the  screw  motion  of  the  block; 
it  slowly  forces  out  the  safety  lever,  at  the  same  time  retracting  the 
firing  pin.  The  safety-lever  plunger  is  made  adjustable  in  length 
to  provide  for  wear  and  control  of  the  movement  of  the  firing  pin. 

This  adjustment  is  to  be  so  made  and  maintained  that  in  closing 
the  block  the  -firing  pin  will  begin  to  protrude  from  the  face  of  the 
block  when  the  operating  lever  is  closed  to  a  position  about  1  to  S 
inches  short  of  that  where  the  toe  of  the  spindle  F3  enters  its  groove 
in  the  operating  lever. 

The  words  “  electric  ”  and  “  percussion,”  with  indicative  arrows, 
are  stamped  on  the  rear  face  of  the  carrier  to  show  the  positions  to 
which  the  retaining  nut  K  is  to  be  turned  for  firing. 

For  percussion  firing  the  retaining  nut  K  is  revolved  so  that  the 
firing  trigger  is  in  a  horizontal  position  on  the  right.  The  loop  of 
the  trigger  engages  'upon  a  knob  of  the  lanyard  connecting  rod  -71, 
which  has  at  its  outer  end  a  loop  in  which  the  lanyard  is  to  be  habit¬ 
ually  hooked.  The  object  of  this  arrangement  is  to  prevent  the 
trigger  from  being  used  on  the  left  side  for  percussion  firing  where 
no  safety  notch  is  provided.  The  right-hand  position  for  percussion 
firing  was  selected  in  preference  to  the  left-hand  position,  it  being 
deemed  most  convenient  for  the  service  of  the  piece  to  pull  the  lan¬ 
yard  from  the  right. 

A  half-cock  notch  has  been  made  in  the  right  side  of  the  firing-pin 
sleeve.  In  opening  the  block  the  firing  pin  is  retracted  by  the  safety 
lever  to  such  an  extent  that  the  half-cock  notch  is  held  out  a  little 
beyond  the  trigger  J.  On  closing  the  block,  the  firing  pin  is  caught 
in  the  half-cock  notch  by  the  trigger  and  prevented  from  coming  in 
contact  with  the  primer.  To  fire  the  piece  the  pin  will  be  drawn 
to  a  full  cock  by  hand.  This  safety  notch  forms  in  itself  a  full  safe¬ 
guard  against  premature  discharge  for  percussion  firing. 

*As  originally  constructed  the  spindle  F2  with  its  levers  was  the  safety  loch 
for  the  firing  pin  as  well  as  the  lock  for  holding  the  operating  lever  closed. 


8 


For  electric  firing  the  retaining  nut  K  is  revolved  so  that  the  firing 
trigger  is  in  a  horizontal  position  on  the  left.  The  firing-cable  at¬ 
tachment  is  on  the  right.  A  full-cock  notch  is  made  on  this  side  of 
the  firing-pin  sleeve,  although  not  needed  for  electric  firing.  No 
half-cock  notch  is  made,  as  it  would  interfere  with  electric  firing, 
necessitating  the  release  of  the  firing  trigger  and  freeing  the  firing 
pin  after  closing  the  block  for  every  discharge.  The  full-cock  notch 
is  made  on  both  sides  of  the  firing-pin  sleeve  to  avoid  a  possible 
accident,  namely,  the  slipping  of  the  firing  pin  from  the  hand  if  one 
attempted  to  cock  it  in  the  absence  of  any  sear  notch.  By  leaving  the 
full-cock  notch  on  this  side  it  will  also  be  possible  to  fire  the  piece 
by  percussion  with  the  firing  trigger  on  the  left.  This  is  not  in¬ 
tended  and  should  be  avoided  unless  the  space  in  the  emplacement  is 
such  as  to  necessitate  pulling  the  lanyard  from  the  left  side.  In  such 
cases  the  safety  feature  for  half  cock  is  lost  and  reliance  must  be 
placed  upon  the  safety  lever.  In  closing  the  breech  with  the  firing 
trigger  to  the  left  (where  there  is  no  half  cock)  the  safety  lever 
continues  to  restrain  the  firing  pin,  with  slow  motion,  until  the  oper¬ 
ating-lever  handle  has  reached  the  nearly  closed  position,  Avhen  the 
protruding  firing  pin  comes  in  contact  with  the  primer,  after  which 
the  completion  of  the  closure  can  cause  no  blow  upon  the  primer. 

The  adjustment  of  the  firing  pin  for  point  of  first  protrusion  will 
be  made  with  the  firing  trigger  on  the  left  and  as  follows: 

The  firing-pin  sleeve  nut  must  be  screwed  fully  home  in  order  to 
bring  the  opening  in  the  sleeve  opposite  the  firing-cable  point  which 
is  screwed  upon  the  retracting  toe  piece,  and  thus  insure  contact  be¬ 
tween  the  cable  and  the  stem  of  the  insulated  firing  pin.  It  is  not 
permissible  to  adjust  the  protrusion  of  the  firing  pin  by  changing  the 
position  of  the  sleeve  nut  (brass),  as  this  would  destroy  the  cable 
contact.  Next,  keeping  the  breech  open,  revolve  the  block  by  the 
operating  handle,  at  the  same  time  placing  a  finger  at  the  front  of 
the  firing  pin.  If  the  pin  does  not  begin  to  protrude  so  that  it  would 
press  upon  the  primer,  if  in  place  when  the  operating  handle  has 
reached  the  position  already  indicated,  then  adjust  the  length  of  the 
safety-lever  plunger  to  regulate  the  protrusion  of  the  firing  pin  as 
required.  The  safety-lever  plunger  is  made  in  two  parts,  with  a 
screw  shank  and  locking  nut  for  adjustment  of  length.  The  arm  of 
the  firing-pin  sleeve  cap  can  be  used  for  turning  the  screw,  while  the 
safety  lever  itself,  placed  in  the  end  slot  of  the  pin,  serves  as  a  holder. 

ELECTRICAL  FIRING  GEAR. 

/  » 

The  electrical  firing  gear  consists  of  the  firing  pistol,  the  battery 
box,  cables,  etc.  (Plate  V),  a  contact-pin  plug  bracketed  to  the  gun, 
a  contact-surface  block  bracketed  to  the  cradle,  and  an  insulated 
firing-pin  which  is  part  of  the  gun. 


9 


The  electrical  power  for  firing  is  obtained  from  a  battery  of  six 
O.  K.  dry  cells,  No.  4,  contained  in  the  battery  box  in  a  bracket  at 
the  left  side  of  the  carriage.  One  terminal  of  the  battery  is  attached 
by  a  short  cable  to  the  pivot  yoke  as  an  earth  connection.  The  other 
terminal  of  the  battery  is  connected  by  means  of  a  cable  24  inches 
long  to  the  firing  pistol,  which  is  fastened  to  the  maneuvering 
bracket.  From  the  pistol  the  circuit  is  continued  by  means  of  a 
cable  to  a  contact-surface  block.  This  is  bracketed  to  the  cradle  in 
such  a  position  that  when  the  piece  is  “  in  battery  ”  the  contact  pin, 
pressed  out  by  a  spring  in  the  contact-pin  plug  attached  to  and  mov¬ 
ing  with  the  gun,  presses  upon  the  contact  surface  of  the  plug  be¬ 
fore  mentioned,  thus  making  a  connection  for  the  next  shot.  From 
the  contact-pin  plug  the  firing-pin  cable  extends  through  a  locking- 
pin  hinge  of  the  breech  mechanism  to  the  firing  pin.  The  circuit 
is  then  completed  through  the  firing  pin.  primer,  and  gun  to  the 

battery. 

«/ 

The  firing  pistol  contains  a  buzzer,  which  indicates  by  its  sound 
when  the  circuit  is  closed.  This  is  effected  by  the  current  running 
through  the  coils  of  an  electro-magnet,  the  resistance  of  which  is  so 
great  as  to  reduce  the  current  below  that  necessary  to  fire  the  primer. 
By  pulling  the  trigger  this  resistance  is  cut  out,  and  the  current  is 
then  great  enough  to  fire  the  primer. 

i  An  alternative  electrical  firing  attachment  is  also  provided.  It 

consists  of  a  battery  of  six  O.  K.  No.  4  dry  cells  carried  in  a  bracket 
on  the  right  side  of  the  carriage.  One  terminal  of  the  battery  is 
*  grounded  on  the  carriage,  the  other  terminal  is  directly  connected 
with  the  firing  pin  through  the  alternative  firing  key  and  cables. 

The  alternative  key  consists  of  a  tube  into  one  end  of  which  a 
cable  end  is  coupled  fast.  The  cable  entering  the  other  end  is  se¬ 
cured  to  a  plunger,  which  is  held  out  by  a  coiled  spring.  When 
grasped  in  the  hand  with  the  thumb  on  the  plunger  end  the  cable 
ends  may  be  pushed  together,  completing  the  circuit.  To  guard 
against  premature. discharge  of  the  piece,  a  split  key  is  wired  to 
this  firing  key  to  prevent  forward  movement  of  the  plunger,  and 
should  be  kept  pushed  across  the  plunger  head  until  the  piece  is  about 
to  be  fired. 

Before  connecting  the  alternative  cable  to  the  battery  and  firing 
pin  the  other  cables  which  may  be  connected  to  the  firing  pin  should 
be  removed. 

PERCUSSION  FIRING  GEAR. 

(Plate  I.) 

The  percussion  firing  gear  is  fitted  to  the  retaining  nut  /i,  and 
consists  of  a  spring  trigger  /,  with  a  loop  to  receive  the  knob  on  the 
'  lanyard  connecting  rod  Jx. 

9991—17 - 2 


10 


To  fire  by  percussion  the  firing  pin  or  needle  K  is  pulled  by  hand 
to  the  rear  until  it  is  caught  by  the  trigger,  which  retains  it  until  the 
latter  is  displaced  by  a  pull  on  the  lanyard  attached  to  the  loop  on 
the  end  of  the  lanyard  connecting  rod.  This  leaves  the  firing  needle 
free  to  travel  forward  and  strike  the  primer. 

CARTRIDGE  EXTRACTOR. 

(Plate  I.) 

The  cartridge  is  started  by  an  extractor  which  has  only  sufficient 
motion  to  insure  its  being  free  for  the  remainder  of  the  extraction, 
the  conical  shape  of  the  cartridge  case  and  chamber  rendering  a 
small  motion  sufficient  for  this  purpose.  The  cartridge  is  then  com¬ 
pletely  withdrawn  by  means  of  a  hand  extractor  which  readily  fits 
over  the  flange  of  the  cartridge  case. 

The  mechanical  extractor  is  worked  by  the  carrier  in  opening  the 
breech  screw.  It  consists  of  a  rod  passing  through  one  side  of  the 
gun  and  fitting  into  the  groove  for  the  rim  of  the  cartridge  case  in 
such  a  manner  that  when  it  is  turned  about  its  own  axis  the  fitted 
part  acts  as  a  lever  and  presses  the  cartridges  to  the  rear. 

The  extractor  is  brought  back  into  its  place  as  the  breech  is  closed 
by  means  of  a  strong  helical  spring  outside  the  gun.  This  spring 
also  serves  as  a  buffer  to  prevent  the  breech  screw  and  carrier  being 
swung  too  violently  around.  The  extractor  is  fitted  on  the  right  side, 
so  that  it  is  out  of  the  way  of  loading  or  damage  from  a  projectile 
when  the  latter  is  being  entered  into  the  gun. 


CARTRIDGE  CASE. 

(Plate  III.) 

The  cartridge  case  is  made  of  brass,  to  the  form  shown  on  draw¬ 
ing.  It  is  screw -threaded  at  the  base  for  the  reception  of  the  primer 
adapter  (the  cartridge  cases  of  Frankford  Arsenal  manufacture  are 
not  provided  with  an  adapter),  and  its  mouth  is  closed  with  a  lid, 
which  is  secured  by  three  projections  formed  round  the  mouth,  being 
turned  over  three  corresponding  notches  cut  round  the  flange  of  the 
lid.  The  joint  around  the  lid  is  sealed  by  cement,  to  render  the  case 
perfectly  air-tight. 

The  primers  used  in  these  cases  are  of  Frankford  Arsenal  design 
and  manufacture,  and  are  known  as  the  110-grain  electric  and  110- 
grain  percussion  primers. 

A  saluting  case  is  also  provided  for  this  gun,  containing  a  charge 
of  5  pounds  of  black  powder.  A  percussion  primer  only  is  used  in 
the  salutirg  cases.  It  is  of  Frankford  Arsenal  design  and  manufac¬ 
ture,  and  known  as  “  saluting  primer,  percussion.”  A  full  descrip- 


11 


tion  and  drawings  of  the  primers  used  in  both  the  saluting  and 
service  cases  will  be  found  in  pamphlet  numbered  1881,  published  by 
the  Ordnance  Department. 

PROJECTILES. 


SHELL. 


Common  cast  iron _ Sand  filled  for  target  practice. 

Common  steel _ Prepared  to  receive  high  explosive  charge  and 

medium  caliber  base  detonating  fuze. 
Strong-headed  steel. -Prepared  to  receive  high  explosive  charge  and 

medium  caliber  base  detonating  fuze. 

None  of  these  projectiles  are  provided  with  caps. 

SHRAPNEL  FUZED. 


2 -INCH  GUN,  4  0 


CALS. - INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  FILLING  AND  MAKING  UP 

CARTRIDGES. 


After  inserting  the  primer  in  the  head  of  the  case,  weigh  out  the 
igniting  charge,  11  ounces  of  black  powder,  fill  the  bag,  choke  it, 
and  stitch  it  into  the  inside  of  the  bottom  of  the  cartridge  bag,  so 
that  the  shalloon  end  of  the  bag  is  next  to  the  primer,  and  thus  cover 
the  space  occupied  by  the  netting. 

Weigh  out  the  propelling  charge,  7  pounds  8  ounces  of  nitrocellu¬ 
lose  powder,  and  put  it  into  the  cartridge  bag.  Choke  the  bag  and  tie 
up  the  braids,  so  as  to  make  a  firm  cartridge. 

All  cartridges  should  be  carefully  examined  and  gauged  as  to 
length  and  diameter. 

The  bag  is  inserted  into  the  mouth  of  the  case  and  gently  dropped 
down  against  the  primer,  the  end  with  igniting  charge  downward. 


INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  PREPARING  AND  FIXING  FUZES. 


COMBINED  TIME  AND  PERCUSSION. 

(Plate  III.) 

Intended  for  use  with  shrapnel. 

The  exterior  of  the  cylindrical  part  of  the  fuze  body  is  marked  in 
inches  and  tenths  of  an  inch. 

To  set  the  fuze:  Free  the  nut  C  by  hand  or  by  the  key,  turn  the 
cover  I)  till  the  mark  on  it  is  opposite  the  point  on  the  scale  required, 
then  tighten  down  the  nut  C  very  -firmly.  Should  any  alteration  be 
required  after  the  fuze  is  set,  it  is  easily  made  bv  freeing  the  nut, 
turning  the  cover  to  the  point  desired  and  tightening  the  nut  firmly 


12 


down  again;  care  must  be  taken  that  the  setting  of  the  fuze  is  not 
altered  in  the  operation. 

The  shrapnel  is  then  brought  up  to  the  gun,  and  when  it  is  on  the 
point  of  being  loaded,  the  safety  pin  must  be  withdrawn. 

Note. — If  it  be  desired  that  the  percussion  arrangement  alone  should  act,  the 
arrow  on  the  collar  must  be  set  directly  opposite  the  arrow  on  the  fuze  body. 


BASE  CONCUSSION. 

(Plate  III.) 

For  use  with  common  shell,  intended  to  burst  on  impact  or  light 
graze. 

This  fuze  is  simply  screwed  firmly  into  the  fuze  hole  by  means  of 
the  key,  and  the  lead  cap  pressed  into  the  recess  around  the  fuze  head. 

GENERAL  INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  GUNS. 

The  bores  of  guns  from  which  practice  is  carried  on  should  be 
kept  slightly  oiled  to  prevent  rusting.  At  the  close  of  each  day’s 
practice  they  should  accordingly  be  washed  and  slightly  depressed, 
and,  when  dry,  oiled  with  a  sponge,  the  muzzles  being  then  closed 
with  tompions. 

N.  B. — When  guns  are  not  likely  to  be  used  for  some  length  of 
time,  the  whole  of  the  sights  and  striker  should  be  removed  and  kept 
in  store,  the  holes  in  the  guns  being  filled  with  plugs  of  greased  tow 
to  keep  out  water  and  dirt.  These  plugs  can  be  readily  removed 
when  it  is  required  to  fit  the  sights,  etc.,  to  the  guns  and  mountings, 
and  particular  attention  should  be  paid  to  the  prevention  of  rust  or 
grit  accumulating  in  the  sight  recesses,  etc. 

The  sights  and  other  fittings  should  be  kept  clean,  free  from  dirt, 
and  oiled.  The  sliding  leaf  and  elevating  nut  of  the  tangent  scales, 
as  at  ell  as  the  collar  of  the  fore  sight,  should  have  free  play. 

The  exposed  portions  of  the  sights  are  bronzed  if  made  of  gun 
metal,  and  blued  if  of  steel.  This  is  done  to  preserve  them  from 
corrosion,  and  on  no  account  are  these  parts  to  be  burnished  or 
cleaned  in  such  a  manner  as  to  remove  the  bronzing  or  bluing. 

The  bore  and  all  working  parts  must  at  all  times  be  kept  slightly 
oiled  and  perfectly  free  from  rust. 

During  firing  the  male  and  female  screws  of  the  breech  must  be 
kept  perfectly  clean,  free  from  dirt,  and  well  oiled. 

The  officer  in  charge  of  the  gun  must  always  see  that  all  gear  is  in 
good  working  order  and  that  the  breech  is  property  closed  and  the 
locking  lever  is  in  its  locked  position  before  firing. 


4. 7 2 -INCH  GUN,  4  0  CALS 

Charge  ( nitrocellulose ) _ 

Projectile _ 

Muzzle  velocity _ 

Total  energy _ _ _ 

Penetration  at  muzzle _ 


RANGE  TABLE. 

_ pounds _  7.  5 

_ do _  45 

_ feet  per  second _ 2, 150 

_ foot-tons _ 1,  442 

- inches _ 10. 1 


Range. 

Eleva¬ 

tion. 

Time  of 
flight. 

Length  of  fuze. 

Medium. 

Small.1 

Meters. 

Yards. 

o 

t 

Secs. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

100.... 

109 

0 

8 

.  16 

200.... 

219 

0 

12 

.32 

300. . . . 

328 

0 

16 

.48 

400. . . . 

437 

o 

20 

.  64 

500.... 

547 

0 

25 

.80 

.37 

600.... 

656 

0 

30 

.97 

.47 

700.... 

766 

0 

35 

1. 15 

.58 

800.... 

875 

0 

40 

1.33 

.69 

900.... 

984 

0 

45 

1.51 

.81 

1,000.... 

1,094 

0 

50 

1.70 

.93 

1,100.... 

1,203 

0 

56 

1.90 

1.05 

1,200.... 

1,312 

1 

2 

2.  10 

1. 17 

1,300.... 

1,422 

1 

8 

2.31 

.40 

1.29 

1,400.... 

1,531 

1 

14 

2.  52 

.  47 

1.41 

1,500.... 

1,640 

1 

20 

2.  73 

.55 

1.53 

1,600.... 

1,  750 

1 

26 

2.  95 

.64 

1.  65 

1,700.... 

1, 859 

1 

32 

3. 17 

.75 

1.  77 

1,800.... 

1,969 

1 

38 

3.  39 

.86 

1.89 

1,900.... 

2, 078 

1 

44 

3.  61 

.98 

2.  02 

2, 000.... 

2, 187 

1 

50 

3.  84 

1. 11 

2, 15 

2, 100.... 

2, 297 

1 

57 

4.  08 

1.25 

2.  28 

2,200.... 

2, 406 

2 

4 

4.  33 

1.40 

2.41 

2, 300.... 

2,515 

2 

12 

4.  58 

1.56 

2.  54 

2, 400.... 

2,  625 

2 

20 

4.  84 

1.  72 

2.  67 

2, 500.... 

2,  734 

2 

28 

5.  11 

1.88 

2.  80 

2,600.... 

2,  843 

2 

36 

5.  38 

2.  04 

2. 93 

2, 700.... 

2, 953 

2 

44 

5.  65 

2.  29 

3.  06 

2,800.... 

3,  062 

2 

52 

5.  92 

2.  34 

3. 19 

2, 900.... 

3, 172 

3 

0 

6. 19 

2.  49 

3.  32 

3,000.... 

3, 281 

3 

9 

6.  47 

2.  64 

3.  45 

3, 100.... 

3, 390 

3 

18 

6.  75 

2.  79 

3.58 

3,200.... 

3,499 

3 

28 

7.  03 

2.  92 

3.71 

3, 300.... 

3,  609 

3 

38 

7.  32 

3.06 

3.  85 

3,400.... 

3,718 

3 

48 

7.61 

3.  20 

3.  99 

3, 500.... 

3, 828 

3 

58 

7.  90 

3.  34 

4. 13 

3,600.... 

3, 937 

4 

9 

8.  20 

3.  48 

3, 700.... 

4, 046 

4 

20 

8.  50 

3.  62 

3,800.... 

4, 156 

4 

31 

8.  81 

3.  77 

Eleva- 

Time  of 

Length  of  fuze. 

-LtcXIlgU. 

tion. 

flight. 

Medium. 

Small. 

Meters. 

3.900.. . 
4, 000... 

4. 100. .  . 

Yards. 
4, 265 

O 

4 

f 

42 

Secs. 

9. 12 

Inches. 

3.91 

Inches. 

4, 375 

4 

54 

9. 44 

4. 05 

4, 484 
4,593 
4,703 

5 

6 

9.  77 

4.  21 

4' 200... 

5 

18 

10. 10 

4.  37 

4. 300.. . 

4. 400.. . 

5 

31 

10.44 

4.  53 

4' 812 

5 

44 

10.  78 

4.69 

4, 500... 

4,921 

5 

57 

11. 13 

4.  86 

4' 600... 

Si  031 
5, 140 

6 

10 

11.  48 

4, 700... 

6 

24 

11.83 

4. 800.. . 

4. 900.. . 
5, 000... 

5,249 

6 

38 

12. 18 

5,359 

6 

53 

12.  53 

5, 468 
5,578 
5, 687 

7 

8 

12.  88 

5, 100... 

7 

23 

13.  24 

5,  200. .. 

7 

38 

13.  60 

5. 300.. . 

5. 400.. . 

5'  796 

7 

54 

13. 97 

5,906 
6,015 
6, 124 

8 

10 

14.  34 

5. 500.. . 

5. 600. .  . 

8 

26 

14.  71 

8 

42 

15.  08 

5,  700. . . 

6,  234 

8 

58 

15.  46 

5,800... 

6'  343 

9 

15 

15.  84 

5,900. . . 

6, 452 
6,562 
6,  671 

9 

32 

16.  23 

6,000  . 

9 

49 

16.  62 

6, 100... 

10 

7 

17.01 

. 

6,  200... 

6.300.. . 

6.400.. . 

6. 500.. . 
6,  600. . . 

6,  700... 

6. 800.. . 
6, 900... 

7,  000... 
7, 100  . . 

6,  780 
6, 890 
6,999 

10 

25 

17.  40 

10 

43 

17.  80 

11 

1 

18.  20 

7, 109 

11 

19 

IS.  60 

7' 218 

11 

38 

19.01 

7,  327 

11 

57 

'19.  42 

• 

7;  437 
7, 546 

12 

16 

19.  83 

12 

36 

20.  25 

7,  655 

12 

56 

20.  67 

7,  765 

13 

16 

21. 10 

7, 200... 
7,300  . 

7, 874 

13 

36 

21.53 

7, 983 

13 

57 

21.  96 

7, 400 

8,093 
8,  202 

14 

18 

22.  39 

7. 500.. . 

7. 600.. . 

14 

39 

22.  83 

8,312 

15 

0 

23.  27 

i  Small  fuze  used  up  to  3,500  meters. 


APPENDIX  A. 


INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  MOUNTING,  USING,  AND  CARING  FOR  4.7  2-INCH  BAR¬ 
BETTE  CARRIAGES,  ARMSTRONG. 

(Plate  II.) 


WEIGHTS. 


Yoke _ 

Cradle _ _ 

Outer  shield  with  stays 
Inner  shield  cith  stays 
Pedestal _ 


Pounds. 
1.  792 
1,  684 
9,  056 
320 
1,  624 


Total 


14,  476 


This  carriage  is  of  the  center-pivot  barbette  type.  The  principal 
parts  are  the  pedestal,  pivot  yoke,  cradle,  elevating  and  traversing 
gearing,  shields,  sights,  and  the  electrical  attachments. 


PEDESTAL. 

The  pedestal  forms  vertical  and  step  bearings  in  which  the  pivot 
yoke  rotates.  The  yoke  rests  upon  a  ball  thrust  bearing  in  the  step. 
The  upper  portion  of  the  pedestal  is  finished  to  form  a  bearing  for 
the  worm  wheel  of  the  traversing  gear.  The  interior  of  the  worm 
wheel  and  a  bushing  in  the  step  form  the  vertical  bearings  for  the 
pivot  yoke. 

The  pedestal  is  secured  to  the  foundation  by  eighteen  If- inch  bolts. 
Two  handholes  on  the  side  of  the  pedestal  give  means  for  cleaning, 
oiling,  etc.;  they  are  provided  with  covers. 

A  friction  clamp  is  fitted  on  the  rear  side  of  the  pedestal  which 
when  loosened  permits  rapid  rotation.  It  consists  of  a  clamp  screw 
with  handle,  a  pair  of  Belleville  spring  washers,  and  a  gun-metal 
friction  block.  On  tightening  the  clamp  the  friction  block  is  pressed 
against  the  worm  wheel  of  the  training  gear  by  the  spring  washers 
so  that  it  is  held  frictionally  in  the  pedestal,  permitting  'rotation  by 
the  worm  and  handwheel. 


(14) 


PIVOT  YOKE. 


The  pivot  yoke  is  a  Y-shaped  piece  of  forged  steel.  Its  lower  end 
rests  on  the  balls  of  the  thrust  bearing  and  the  lower  end  of  the 
stem  is  machined  to  form  a  bearing  in  the  step.  The  upper  part  of 
the  stem  is  turned  to  form  a  bearing  inside  the  traversing  worm 
wheel.  Trunnion  bearings  for  the  cradle  are  formed  at  the  upper 
ends  of  the  pivot  yoke.  They  are  provided  with  cap  squares  which 
slip  into  under-cut  grooves  from  the  outside. 

T]he  cap  squares  are  held  in  place  by  pins  inserted  from  the  top. 

A  small  inner  shield  is  bolted  to  the  front  of  the  pivot  yoke  under 
the  gun;  it  serves  to  protect  the  working  parts  from  such  projectiles 
as  might  pass  through  the  port  of  the  curved  shield. 

A  bronze  bracket  is  bolted  to  the  left  side  of  the  yoke  to  support 
and  provide  a  bearing  for  the  lower  end  of  the  traversing  shaft  and 
its  worm.  A  heavy  steel  maneuvering  arm  is  bolted  to  the  left  side 
of  the  pivot  yoke ;  it  forms  a  support  for  the  elevating  and  traversing 
gearing,  including  the  shoulder  rest  and  the  firing  pistol.  A  light 
steel  bracket  is  attached  below,  near  the  end  of  this  arm,  and  carries 
the  battery  boxes  of  the  electric  firing  attachment.  A  light  steel 
arm  is  also  bolted  to  the  right  side  of  the  pivot  yoke  and  forms  a 
support  for  the  battery  boxes  for  the  night  sights  and  the  alternative 
firing  gear. 

CRADLE. 

The  cradle  A  is  of  bronze  and  includes  the  large  cylinder  through 
which  the  gun  recoils,  the  hydraulic  cylinder,  the  spring  box,  the 
trunnions,  and  the  reserve  oil  tank. 

The  large  cylinder  is  slotted  along  its  upper  and  lower  elements 
for  keys,  which  are  machined  on  the  gun.  These  serve  to  guide  the 
gun  during  recoil. 

The  hydraulic  cylinder  is  directly  under  the  gun.  It  is  provided 
with  a  forged-steel  liner  and  head  in  oneqfiece.  This  liner  is  inserted 
in  the  cylinder  of  the  cradle  from  the  rear  and  secured  thereto  by 
threads  cut  on  its  front  end.  The  steel  liner  is  finished  flush  with 
the  rear  face  of  the  cylinder  and  is  threaded  to  take  the  rear  cylinder 
head. 

The  recoil  cylinder  is  provided  with  a  piston  rod  and  piston  of 
steel,  forged  in  one  piece.  The  piston  rod  passes  through  the  rear 
cylinder  head  and  through  a  lug  on  the  gun,  where  it  is  secured  by  a 
nut  and  pin.  A  check  nut  is  screwed  on  the  rod  in  front  of  the  recoil 
lug.  It  is  provided  with  a  set  screw  to  lock  it  in  place.  The  seat  for 
this  nut  is  countersunk  in  the  front  face  of  the  recoil  lug.  The 
piston  head  is  slotted  for  one  throttling  bar,  which  is  secured  to  the 
bottom  of  the  liner  by  a  bolt  through  the  bottom  of  the  cylinder. 
The  piston  head  and  rod  are  bored  to  form  the  female  portion  of 


16 


the  counter-recoil  buffer.  The  piston  head  has  a  small  band  of 
bronze  dovetailed  into  its  circumference  to  provide  a  suitable  bear¬ 
ing  against  the  steel  liner.  The  cylinder  permits  a  movement  of 
the  piston  of  9  inches.  The  rear  cylinder  head  is  made  of  forged 
steel.  A  leather  washer  on  its  front  face  prevents  leakage  by  its 
threads.  An  intermediate  stuffing-box  bushing  forced  in  place  forms 
a  seat  for  a  cup  leather  packing  about  the  piston  rod.  It  is  secured 
in  place  by  a  bronze  bushing  screwed  into  the  front  end  of  the 
cylinder  head.  The  rear  face  of  the  stuffing-box  bushing  forms  a 
seat  for  the  Garlock  packing,  which  is  secured  in  place  by  the  gland 
in  rear.  The  recoil  cylinder  is  provided  with  a  drain  hole  at  the 
bottom  and  an  air  hole  at  the  right  rear  on  top. 

The  reserve  oil  tank  is  a  cavity  or  receptacle  cast  on  the  right-hand 
side  of  the  cradle  just  above  and  to  the  right  of  the  recoil  cylinder. 
It  is  connected  to  the  cylinder  by  a  f-inch  hole,  which  enters  the 
recoil  cylinder  1A  inches  from  its  front  end.  Its  function  is  to  insure 
that  the  recoil  cylinder  is  always  full  of  oil. 

The  reserve  oil  tank  has  a  handhole  on  the  side,  closed  by  a  screw 
plug,  which  may  be  removed  for  cleaning  purposes,  and  a  filling 
hole  is  provided  on  top. 

INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  FILLING  THE  RECOIL  CYLINDER. 

Depress  the  gun  and  take  out  the  filing  and  air  plug  on  the  right 
side  of  the  carnage.  Fill  through  the  filing  hole  in  the  reserve 
tank  until  the  oil  overflows  through  the  air  hole  •  replace  the  air 
plug  and  fll  in  until  the  oil  overflows  at  the  filling  hole ,  then  replace 
the  filing  plug. 

About  11  pints  of  hydroline  oil ,  specific  gravity  0.85 ,  are  required 
to  fill  the  cylinder  and  reserve  oil  tank. 

The  spring  box  is  under  the  front  part  of  the  cradle.  It  contains 
a  column  of  two  spiral  springs  assembled  end  to  end  and  bolted 
together  under  an  initial  compression  such  that  the  assembled  length 
is  29 J  inches.  Two  spring  supports  bolted  across  the  bottom  of  the 
spring  box  hold  the  column  in  position. 

A  spring  yoke  bears  across  the  front  end  of  the  spring  column  and 
is  secured  to  the  recoil  lug  on  the  gun  bv  two  spring  rods.  These 
rods  give  the  proper  compression  on  the  springs  when  they  are 
screwed  into  the  spring  yoke  as  far  as  they  will  go. 

The  cradle  is  provided  with  trunnions  so  placed  as  to  be  at  the 
center  of  gravity  of  the  system  when  the  gun  with  projectile  in  place 
is  in  the  firing  position.  These  trunnions  rest  in  their  beds  in  the 
pivot  yoke  and  are  secured  in  place  by  cap  squares.  An  elevating 
rack  is  bolted  to  the  left  side  of  the  cradle,  and  an  extension  in  rear 
forms  a  place  of  attachment  for  the  shoulder  guard.  There  is  also 
an  arm  bolted  to  the  left  side  of  the  cradle  to  carry  the  sight  bar. 


17 


ACTION  OF  THE  SYSTEM. 

Upon  firing,  the  gun  moves  about  9  inches  to  the  rear,  carrying 
with  it  the  piston  and  spring  rods  and  compressing  the  recoil  springs. 
The  energy  of  recoil  is  in  a  measure  taken  up  in  compressing  the 
counter-recoil  springs,  but  by  far  the  greater  portion  is  taken  up  by 
the  resistance  the  oil  offers  when  it  is  forced  through  the  slot  in  the 
piston  head,  and  also  the  small  clearance  around  the  piston  head  as 
the  latter  moves  to  the  rear.  In  any  hydraulic  brake  the  resistance 
is  greater  as  the  velocity  of  the  piston  in  the  cylinder  is  greater  and 
as  the  openings  for  the  passage  of  the  liquid  are  less.  The  velocity 
of  retarded  recoil  of  the  gun  and  the  piston  being  variable  and  a 
constant  resistance  being  desired,  the  orifices  are  varied  in  such  man¬ 
ner  that  the  relation  between  the  velocity  and  the  area  of  the  orifices 
is  at  all  times  such  as  to  give  a  nearlv  constant  resistance.  In  this 
case  the  throttling  bar  is  of  constant  width,  with  only  sufficient  lateral 
clearance  in  the  slot  of  the  piston  for  working  movement,  and  is  of 
varying  depth,  the  profile  being  so  designed  that  the  area  of  the 
orifice  (the  portion  of  the  slot  not  filled  by  the  bar)  for  the  escape 
of  the  oil  past  the  piston  increases  from  the  beginning  of  the  motion 
up  to  the  point  where  the  velocity  of  retarded  recoil  of  the  gun  is 
greatest.  Beyond  this  point  the  velocity  of  retarded  recoil  of  the  gun 
is  continually  decreasing  and  the  area  of  the  orifice  decreases  con- 
tinuallv  until  it  becomes  zero  at  the  end  of  recoil.  The  area  of  the 
orifice  has  at  each  point  such  a  relation  to  the  velocity  of  retarded 
recoil  of  the  gun  at  that  point  as  to  give  nearly  a  constant  resistance 
to  the  motion  of  the  gun.  This  results  in  a  nearly  constant  fluid 
pressure  in  the  cylinder. 

When  the  gun  has  been  brought  to  rest  it  is  carried  forward  to  the 
firing  position  by  the  counter-recoil  springs,  their  pressure  being 
brought  to  bear  on  the  recoil  lug  of  the  gun  through  the  medium  of 
the  spring  yoke  and  the  spring  rods. 

When  the  gun  is  returning  to  the  firing  position  the  oil  caught  in 
the  front  end  of  the  piston  can  escape  only  by  a  small  and  decreasing 
clearance  around  the  counter-recoil  buffer.  This  serves  to  bring  the 
gun  to  rest  without  shock. 


TRAVERSING  GEAR. 

The  traversing  gear  consists  of  a  bronze  wormwlieel  with  a  hub  on 
the  underside,  which  fits  into  the  pedestal  and  forms  a  bearing  for 
the  pivot  yoke.  •  A  worm  driven  by  a  handwheel,  A,  and  connecting 
shaft  gears  with  the  wormwheel.  The  traversing  shaft  has  a  rear 
bearing  in  a  bracket  bolted  to  the  maneuvering  arm,  and  a  front 
bearing  in  a  bracket  secured  to  the  pivot  yoke.  On  tightening  the 


18 


friction  clamp  on  the  pedestal  the  wormwheel  is  held  stationary  in 
the  pedestal  so  that  on  turning  the  worm  the  mounting  revolves,  the 
pivot  yoke  turning  in  its  bearing  in  the  wormwheel.  On  slackening 
the  clamp,  the  mounting  can  be  revolved  by  means  of  the  shoulder 
piece  which  is  fitted  to  support  the  man  laying  the  gun,  the  worm- 
wheel  going  around  with  the  mounting,  turning  on  its  bearing  on  the 
pedestal. 

THE  ELEVATING  GEAR. 


The  elevating  gear  is  carried  by  a  gun-metal  bracket.  R.  attached 
to  the  maneuvering  arm  of  the  carriage.  It  is  actuated  by  a  hand- 
wheel,  Z,  which  is  placed  in  a  convenient  position  to  be  worked  by  a 
man  laying  the  gun.  The  handwheel  drives  by  means  of  a  pair  of 
miter  gears  and  a  worm  which  works  the  wormwheel. 

On  the  inner  end  of  the  spindle  carrying  this  wormwheel  a  pinion 
is  fixed  which  gears  with  the  elevating  arc  attached  to  the  cradle. 

The  elevating  gear  is  provided  with  a  frictional  driving  arrange¬ 


ment,  as  follows: 

The  boss  of  the  wormwheel  is  hollow  and  contains  a  series  of  fric¬ 
tion  rings,  part  of  which  are  of  steel  and  are  keyed  to  and  turn  with 
the  shaft;  while  the  remaining  rings  are  of  manganese  bronze,  and 
are  keyed  to  and  turn  with  the  wormwheel.  These  friction  rings  are 
placed  alternately,  and  are  pressed  together  by  means  of  a  spring- 
steel  washer  and  two  nuts  on  the  outer  end  of  the  shaft.  By  adjust¬ 
ing  these  nuts,  the  rings  are  pressed  together  to  produce  the  requisite 
friction,  preventing  the  gun  running  down  at  extreme  recoil,  but  at 
the  same  time  allows  the  gun  to  move  slightly  when  firing  without 
straining  or  giving  motion  to  the  whole  of  the  gearing.  This  nut  is 
to  be  tightened  if  the  gun  runs  down  when  fired,  but  not  sufficiently 
tightened  to  prevent  any  slipping  whatever. 


SHIELDS. 

The  mounting  is  fitted  for  its  own  protection  and  that  of  the  men 
working  the  gun  with  an  outer  circular  shield  of  steel  plate  -II  inches 
thick, -and  an  inner  flat  vertical  shield  of  steel  3  inches  thick,  both  of 
which  are  provided  with  apertures  for  laying  the  gun.  The  outer 
shield  is  fitted  with  side  wings  of  steel  plate  2  inches  thick  and  a  flat 
roof  1  inch  thick.  The  circular  shield  is  supported  by  and  secured  to 
the  pivot  yoke  by  means  of  heavy  spring  fastenings  bolted  to  it  and 
to  the  pivot  yoke. 

THE  SIGHTS. 

•  » 

The  sights  are  of  the  bar  and  drum  pattern,  and  consist  of  a  carrier, 
a  sight  bar  with  rack  and  front  and  rear  sights,  a  wormwheel,  pinion, 
and  a  drum  with  a  graduated  ring  attached  to  its  circumference. 


% 


v  19 


The  carrier  is  fixed  to  two  bosses  on  the  cradle  bracket  by  means 
of  two  T-headed  bolts.  The  rear  T  bolt  has  an  eccentric  bearing 
which  permits  an  adjustment  of  the  line  of  sight  at  zero  elevation 
to  agree  with  the  axis  of  the  gun.  A  set  screw  is  provided  to  main¬ 
tain  the  adjustment  when  made.  The  fore  sight  is  furnished  with 
an  upright  blade  terminating  with  a  spherical  head.  The  rear  sight 
consists  of  an  H-shaped  piece  secured  to  a  sliding  bar  which  has 
a  lateral  movement  of  2  degrees  each  side  of  the  center.  The  lateral 
motion  is  given  by  a  screw  which  projects  at  each  end  beyond  the 
slide  to  receive  the  knurled  thumb  piece.  The  slide  cover  of  German 
silver  is  attached  bv  four  screws  to  the  rear  face  of  the  slide.  The 
deflection  scale  stamped  on  it  is  graduated  to  10  minutes.  The 
sight  automatically  corrects  approximately  for  normal  or  rotational 
dri  ft. 

There  are  two  designs  of  range  drums  in  service.  Both  permit  of 
the  adjustment  of  the  scale  to  agree  with  the  zero  of  the  rack.  In 
the  first  type  the  scale  is  secured  to  the  outside  of  the  drum  by 
three  screws.  If  these  screws  are  loosened  the  scale  can  be  slipped 
around  so  that  its  zero  agrees  with  that  of  the  rack  wThen  run  down. 
It  is  secured  in  place  by  tightening  the  screws.  In  the  second  form 
the  drum,  with  the  scale  permanently  attached  thereto,  is  held  fric- 
tionallv  between  two  plates  which  turn  with  the  shaft.  By  loosen- 
ing  three  screws  these  friction  plates  permit  the  drum  to  be  turned 
sufficiently  to  effect  the  adjustment  required. 

The  range  scale  on  the  drum  is  graduated  in  yards  for  an  initial 
velocitv  of  2,150  feet  a  second.  This  is  the  velocitv  for  full  charge 
smokeless  powder.  Some  of  the  range  scales  are  also  graduated  for 
an  initial  velocity  of  1,786  feet  a  second,  which  is  the  velocity  given 
by  the  pebble  powder. 

The  scale  on  the  rack  is  graduated  to  10  minutes.  Both  the  rack 

cm? 

and  the  drum  are  actuated  by  means  of  a  handwheel  working  a 
wormwheel,  shaft,  and  pinion. 


THE  NIGHT  SIGHTS. 


The  night  sights  (Plate  IV)  consist  of  two  small  fittings  readily 
attached  to  the  day  sights.  These  fittings  contain  small  electric 
lamps.  The  rays  from  that  in  the  front  sight  illuminate  a  small 
glass  lens  which  appears  as  a  small  bead  of  light.  That  in  the  rear 
sight  illuminates  the  H-shaped  fitting  which,  with  the  bead  of  the 
front  fitting,  forms  the  line  of  sight.  The  rear  lamp  can  be  readily 
removed  from  its  fitting  and  used  for  the  purpose  of  setting  the  range 
scale,  etc.,  on  the  sight  bars  while  adjusting  the  height  of  the  sights. 


20 


The  electrical  power  for  the  night  sights  is  obtained  from  ten 
Xo.  4  ().  K.  cells  carried  in  a  battery  box  on  the  right  side  of  the 
carriage.  Five  of  these  cells  are  connected  in  series  with  each  light, 
and  a  rheostat  is  provided  for  each  so  that  the  intensity  of  each  light 
may  be  regulated. 

It  is  found  in  practice  that  the  smallest  quantity  of  light  compati¬ 
ble  with  distinguishing  the  sight  is  best,  as  the  eye  is  not  dazzled 
thereby. 

On  putting  the  lights  into  action,  the  operator  should  see  that  the 
resistance  pointers  are  at  “  Off  ”  before  attaching  the  cables  and  plug 
connections  from  the  lights  to  save  running  down  the  battery  or  burn¬ 
ing  out  the  lights.  The  pointers  of  the  rheostats  should  then  be 
moved  round  in  the  direction  of  the  arrow  until  the  desired  brilliancy 
is  attained.  During  any  interval  in  firing  the  rheostat  pointer  should 
be  moved  to  “  Off,”  and  upon  “  Cease  firing  ”  the  cables  and  plug 
connections  should  be  removed  in  order  to  avoid  needlessly  running 
down  the  battery. 

CARE  OF  THE  CARRIAGE. 

When  using  the  carriage  all  bearing  parts  should  be  thoroughly 
cleaned  and  well  lubricated.  It  is  especially  required  that  the  car¬ 
riage ,  as  well  as  the  gun ,  he  kept  free  from  rust.  If  this  be  allowed 
to  accumulate,  its  removal  from  all  bearing  parts,  and  especially  the 
piston  rod,  requires  care  in  order  that  the  clearances  may  not  be 
unduly  increased.  The  use  of  sandpaper  in  removing  rust  from 
bearing  surfaces  is  forbidden,  and  emery  cloth  Xo.  1,  being  coarse 
enough  for  ordinary  rusting,  should  be  used,  the  rust  being  softened, 
if  necessary,  by  kerosene. 

Oil  holes  are  provided  for  all  bearing  parts  except  the  bearing  of 
the  pivot  yoke  in  the  pivot  socket.  Two  handholes  with  cover  plates 
are  provided  in  the  pedestal  to  permit  oiling  this  part.  The  oil  holes 
must  be  cleaned  out  frequently  to  keep  them  free  from  sand  and  grit 
and  will  be  habitually  kept  closed  except  when  in  the  act  of  oiling. 
Before  oiling  at  any  oil  hole  wipe  off  carefully  any  dirt  or  grit  near 
the  opening  that  might  he  carried,  down  into  the  hearing  hy  the  oil. 

For  further  information  regarding  paints,  oils,  cleaning  materials, 
and  methods  of  using  same,  see  Ordnance  Dept.  Pamphlet  Form 
1869.  Annual  allowances  will  also  be  found  in  this  pamphlet. 

TO  DISMOUNT  AND  MOUNT  THE  CARRIAGE. 

These  carriages  all  being  mounted,  the  following  description  is 
intended  to  serve  as  a  guide  in  dismantling  the  carriage  only  so  far 
as  is  necessary  to  clean  the  otherwise  inaccessible  parts,  i.  e.,  the  gun 
bearing  in  the  cradle,  the  cradle  trunnion  bearings,  and  the  pivot- 
yoke  bearing  in  the  pedestal. 


21 


It  will  be  found  desirable  to  dismount  the  carriage  to  this  degree 
about  once  each  year. 

The  operation  requires  the  usual  implements  for  mechanical  maneu¬ 
vers  found  at  forts;  a  garrison  gin  or  a  pair  of  shears  capable  of 
lifting  7.500  pounds  will  be  found  desirable.  In  handling  the  car¬ 
riage  no  parts  should  be  directly  struck  with  a  steel  hammer  or 
sledge;  soft-metal  drifts  or  copper  or  lead  hammers  should  be  used. 
Care  should  be  exercised  that  edges  or  finished  surfaces  do  not  become 
upset  or  burred. 

When  two  bearing  surfaces  are  brought  together,  it  is  especially 
necessary  that  both  parts  should  be  absolutely  clean  and  smooth  and 
well  lubricated. 

The  following  description  gives  a  statement  of  the  order  in  which 
the  work  should  be  done  rather  than  the  details  of  the  operation. 

Elevate  the  gun  about  5  degrees  and  remove  the  oil  from  the  recoil 
cylinder  and  reserve  oil  tank  through  the  drain  hole  in  the  bottom  of 
the  cylinder. 

Place  the  gun  at  zero  elevation  and  traverse  the  carriage  so  that  the 
gun  can  be  run  to  the  rear  upon  the  parapet.  Place  blocking  under 
the  rear  end  of  the  cradle  and  build  a  run  of  blocking  and  planking 
from  the  cradle  to  the  parapet  sufficiently  strong  to  support  the  gun. 

Kemove  the  spring  rods,  the  piston  rod  nut,  and  split  pin  and  slide 
the  gun  to  the  rear  about  24  inches.  Place  a  piece  of  3-inch  plank 
about  24  inches  long  and  12  inches  wide  under  the  gun  just  forward 
of  the  recoil  lug  and  place  rollers  on  the  run  under  the  plank.  Shift 
the  weight  of  the  gun  from  the  cradle  to  the  plank.  A  chock  should 
be  placed  on  the  plank  on  each  side  of  the  gun,  to  prevent  rolling. 
Build  another  run  in  front  of  the  shield  high  enough  so  that  a  roller 
placed  thereon  will  support  the  muzzle  of  the  gun. 

Carry  the  gun  to  the  rear  by  rolling  it  on  the  rolls,  taking  care  to 
carry  it  straight  so  that  it  will  not  strike  and  mar  the  sides  of  the 
cradle.  Shift  the  rolls  when  necessary  and  continue  until  the  gun 
rests  on  the  parapet. 

Remove  the  rear  cylinder  head  and  piston  from  the  cylinder. 
Place  a  2-inch  plank  on  blocking  as  far  forward  under  the  cradle 
as  is  possible.  Remove  the  cap  squares  from  the  trunnions  and  by 
means  of  a  wooden  handspike  through  the  port  of  the  shield  lift 
the  cradle  clear  of  the  trunnion  bearings;  block  it  in  this  position 
on  the  plank  and  by  means  of  a  rope  slide  it  on  the  plank  to  the  rear 
and  out  of  the  way. 

Erect  the  garrison  gin  over  the  shield,  and  lift  shield  and  pivot 
yoke  together  clear  of  the  pedestal  and  block  them  in  this  position. 

Remove  the  traversing  worm  wheel  from  the  pedestal.  With  a 
f-inch  bolt  screwed  into  the  center  of  the  ball  bearing,  lift  it  from 
its  seat  in  the  pedestal  and  remove  the  loose  bronze  liner. 


22 


Clean  thoroughly  all  parts,  slushing  out  the  recoil  cylinder  and 
reserve  oil  tank  with  kerosene  oil,  using  the  hand  pump  furnished 
for  that  purpose;  wipe  all  parts  clean  with  waste  and  lubricate  well 
with  synovial  oil  before  reassembling. 

With  a  machinist’s  level  try  the  top  of  the  pedestal  to  ascertain 
if  it  is  level  at  all  points.  If  it  is  found  to  be  out  of  level,  slack  the 
nuts  on  the  foundation  bolts  and  drive  in  the  wedges  on  the  low 
sides  until  the  top  shows  level,  then  tighten  down  the  foundation 
bolts  evenly  and  note  if  any  change  in  level  takes  place;  if  there  is, 
the  bolts  should  be  slacked  again  and  the  wedges  driven  at  the  proper 
points.  Regrout  the  pedestal  in  this  position. 

Remount  the  parts  in  the  reverse  order  and  examine  carefully  to 
see  that  all  parts  are  properly  assembled. 

Fill  recoil  cvlinder  and  reserve  oil  tank. 

The  oil  in  the  recoil  cylinder  and  the  reserve  tank  should  be  exam- 

«/ 

ined  about  once  in  three  months  and  the  cylinder  and  tank  should 
be  cleaned  about  once  in  six  months. 

The  follovnng  methods  should  he  pursued  unless  the  carriage  is  to 
he  dismounted : 

Elevate  the  gun  about  5  degrees  and  remove  the  oil  from  the  recoil 
cylinder  and  reserve  tank  through  the  drain  hole  in  the  bottom  of  the 
cylinder. 

Place  the  gun  at  zero  elevation  and  place  blocking  under  the  rear 
end  of  the  cradle.  Remove  the  spring  rods  and  by  pressure  on  the 
muzzle  move  the  gun  to  the  rear  as  far  as  the  piston  head  will  permit. 

Open  the  breech  and  place  wooden  handspike  in  the  bore  of  the 
gun,  make  a  rope  fast  around  the  projecting  end  of  the  the  handspike 
and  carry  it  forward  over  the  top  of  the  gun  and  take  a  turn  around 
a  handspike  placed  across  the  opening  in  the  shield.  With  a  spanner 
wrench  unscrew  the  gland  and  cylinder  head,  then  slide  the  gun  to 
the  rear  until  the  rear  side  of  the  recoil  band  is  about  19  inches  in 
rear  of  the  cradle,  releasing  the  rope  little  by  little  so  as  to  have  the 
gun  always  under  control. 

Remove  the  tank  cleaning-hole  plug  from  the  reserve  oil  tank  and 
clean  the  tank  by  flushing  it  with  kerosene  oil  by  means  of  the  hand 
pump.  Clean  the  recoil  cylinder  in  the  same  manner,  wiping  both 
dry  with  cotton  waste.  Clean  also  the  piston  head,  piston  rod,  and 
cylinder  head. 

Slide  the  gun  forward  gently  by  pushing  on  the  breech,  care  being 
taken  that  the  slot  in  the  piston  head  is  in  line  with  the  throttling 
bar  in  the  cylinder.  When  the  piston  rod  has  entered  far  enough, 
screw  the  cylinder  head  home  with  the  spanner  wrench,  then  slide 
the  gun  forward  as  far  as  possible  and  assemble  the  spring  rods. 

Fill  reserve  oil  tank  and  cylinder. 


23 


LIST  OF  ARTICLES  PACKED  IN  THE  ARMAMENT  CHEST  FOR  4.72-INCH  GUN,  ARM¬ 
STRONG  AND  BARBETTE  CARRIAGE,  ARMSTRONG. 

[Note. — All  articles  marked  thus  (*)  are  carried  loose  in  the  chest.] 


For  use  on  bruised  breechblocks;  no  other 
files  to  be  used  thereon. 


F 

1  adapter  wrench. 

1  wrench  and  screw  driver  for  breechblock. 

1  combined  tit  wrench  and  screw  driver  for  breech  cushion  stops. 

1  cartridge  case  clip. 

1  quire  emery  cloth,  No.  00. 

1  drift,  2.7  long. 

1  drift,  5  long. 

1  drift,  7.25  long. 

1  bronze  drift  for  removing  hinge  pin. 

3  files,  pillar,  No.  6,  6-inch. 

3  files,  three-cornered,  No.  4,  6-inch. 

3  files,  half  round,  smooth,  8-inch. 

3  files,  round,  smooth,  8-inch. 

1  file,  flat,  dead  smooth,  8-inch. 

1  file,  round,  second  cut,  8-inch. 

1  file,  half  round,  smooth,  8-inch. 

1  file,  three-cornered,  8-inch. 

1  hand  extractor  for  cartridge  case. 

1  boiler-maker’s  hammer. 

1  copper  hammer. 

*1  lanyard  and  handle. 

1  long-handled  mallet. 

1  long-handled  mallet. 

1  pair  cutting  pliers,  7-incli. 

*1  gunner’s  pouch. 

1  metal  scraper. 

1  screw  driver,  commercial,  5-inch  blade. 

*1  pair  gunner’s  sleeves. 

1  spanner  wrench  for  firing  mechanism  and  cable  couplings. 

*3  wagon  sponges. 

*4  balls  twine,  assorted. 

*10  pounds  cotton  waste. 

*2  pounds  copper  wire,  No.  12. 

*2  pounds  copper  wire,  No.  16. 

1  monkey  wrench,  18-inch. 

1  monkey  wrench,  21-inch. 

For  carriage : 

1  socket  wrench  and  screw  driver  for  counter-recoil  buffer,  sight  bracket 
screws,  etc. 

1  wrench  for  plunger  controller  and  cradle  lubricator. 

1  lifting  eye  for  cradle. 

1  lifting  shackle  and  pin. 

1  oiler,  one-half  pint. 

1  screw  driver  for  protecting  shield  guard  screws. 

1  screw  driver  for  rear  compressor  plate,  etc. 

1  spanner  wrench  for  rear  cylinder,  etc. 

1  wrench  for  piston-rod  nut. 


24 


1  wrench  for  spring-guide  rod. 

1  wrench  and  screw  driver  for  sights  and  elevating  arc. 

1  filling  funnel. 

The  following,  being  too  large,  are  not  to  be  carried  in  the  chest :  Two  water 
buckets,  indurated  fiber. 

LIST  OF  IMPLEMENTS  FURNISHED  FOR  4. 72-INCH  GUN,  ARMSTRONG. 

1  rammer  and  staff. 

1  sponge  and  staff,  bore. 

1  breech  cover. 

1  combined  tompion  and  muzzle  cover. 

1  slush  brush  with  handles  to  connect  with  sponge  staff. 

1  steel  scraper  and  socket  to  fit  sponge  staff. 


LIST  OF  EQUIPMENT  SUPPLIED  FOR  4.72-INCH  GUN,  ARMSTRONG,  AND  BARBETTE  CAR¬ 
RIAGE,  ARMSTRONG. 


2  paint  pots,  1-gallon. 

1  sieve  for  paints  and  oils. 

2  brushes,  wall,  4-inch. 

3  sash  tools,  No.  6. 

3  brushes,  paint  6/0. 

2  dusters,  painter’s,  No.  2. 


>  Expendable. 


War  Department, 

Office  of  the  Chief  of  Ordnance, 

Washington,  January  6,  toil. 


October  28,  1904. 

Revised  January  30,  1908. 
Revised  January  6,  1911. 
Form  No.  1749. 

Ed.  Aug.  25—17 — 500. 


INDEX. 


Gun :  Page. 

Construction  and  description  of _  5 

Breech  mechanism — 

Description  and  parts  of _ 6 

Breechblock _ _  6 

Electrical  firing,  description  of _  8 

Firing  gear,  description  of — 

Electrical _  8 

Percussion _  9-10 

Firing  pin — 

Description _  6 

Adjustment  of _  8 

Safety  lever _  7 

Percussion  firing,  description  of _  7-9 

Cartridge  case : 

Composition  and  description  of _  10 

Primer  for _  10 

Cartridge  extractor,  description  of _ _ _  10 

Instructions  for : 

Filling  and  making  up  cartridges _ 11 

General,  for  guns _  12 

Preparing  and  fixing  fuzes  (combined  time  and  percussion) _  11 

Projectile,  description  of _  11 

Range  table _  13 

Carriage : 

Care  of _ 20 

Description  _  14 

Principal  parts — 

Cradle _ 15-16 

Gearing — 

Elevating _  18 

Traversing _ 17-18 

Pedestal _  14 

Pivot  yoke _ 15 

Recoil  cylinder _  17 

Shields  for _  18 

Sights — 

Description  of _ 18-19 

Night  _ 19-20 

Counter  recoil  system,  action  of _ 21-22 

Filling  recoil  cylinder,  instructions  for _ 16 

Mounting  and  dismounting _ 20-22 

Weights _  14 

List  of : 

Articles  packed  in  the  armament  chest  for  4.72-inch  guns,  Armstrong 

and  barbette  carriage,  Armstrong -  23 

Equipment  supplied  for  4.72-inch  gun,  Armstrong,  and  barbette  car¬ 
riage,  Armstrong _  24 

Implements  furnished  for  4.72-inch  gun,  Armstrong -  24 

(25) 

O 


PIRATE  I. 


4.7  INCH  GUN.  ARMSTRONG 


9991—17. 


(Follow  pa  go  25.) 


PLATE  IT. 


PLATE  III, 


> 


0 


K 


4  LBS  8  02  S. 

1NG  CHARGE  2  041  K  . P 8> F. G. 


45  LBS 

ELL,  WEIGHT  20  4  K,  BURS 


T  20  4K,  BURSTING  CHARGE  0-907K.P&F.  G. 
45  LBS  2  LBS  D? 


BASE  PERCUSSION 


•4  K.  BURSTING  CHARGE  0-425  K.L.G 

L8$  S5  azs 


9991 — IT.  (1 


AMMUNITION  FOR  4.7  INCH  GUN.  ARMSTRONG 


PLATE  III. 


BASE  PERCUSSION  FUZE. 


STEEL  SHELL,  STRONG  HEADED,  WEIGHT  20  4  K,  BURSTING  CHARGE  0  SO7K.P&F.  G. 

45  LBS  2  LBS  D? 


EFZZ 


CAST  IRON  SHELL,  WEIGHT  2$-4K.  BURSTING  CHARGE  0-425  K.L.G 


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9991 — 17. 


(Follow  page  25.) 


PLATE  V 


md  Cu61ch 


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Y'tyrctpptd  with  par  a/ft  n&p  cotton  luurue  , 
&C/VW  eye  rtvdtcd  and  eoldtnto  in. 


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terminal  To  jfC(/  ctese. 


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Spring.  Masker. 

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4~-*-  i  -3 


I  ■  ■  jkd3S!£2& 


1  1EJU  ■  l‘."'-'l 


47 INCH  BARBETTE  CARRIAGE 
ARMSTRONG 

Firing  Adie/y  and  Ortbles. 

Wa/ei'io*ort  Jfrsertal  7/.&J?dlcti/3f!ti&02 


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TF/nt/nal  JPouiF  Third  Insulator.  (Sapling  If l&ttfcdvr. 

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Qmr£nass  —  One  zB  truss— 


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One- Brass  n  icttef  plated 


SctAtxg  Clip. 

One  -Braga,  nic/teZ  plated. 


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Piolol  SracHel  Cb/Jble,  I*  =52. 0 
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1  Ufc- 

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cotiftt/n/ntf  0  OX  Pry  Gel/s  /Vo  4-, 
Mac/t  JtO/na/  utt/A  Brass 
J/cwaffes,  Binges  and  Cfaspa. 


9991 — 17.  (Follow  page  25.) 


4.7 INCH  BARBETTE  CARRIAGE 
ARMSTRONG 

rlrmff  Jkdk/yamf  Onblee. 

y^hdel'kttctn.  Jlrsertal  If.  S3736h/3H‘M(X 


- - Pppr\ cwwjJ 

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